Conversations are powerful. Each one becomes part of who we are, what we know, and how we will act.
As teachers, we must provide many, high quality, opportunities for our students to have meaningful academic conversations. This begins with constructing a prompt. The question to be answered that leads students to the desired learner outcomes.
For the student it requires mental effort toward building your own learning.

Students may have to be explicitly taught this this talking time is to be used for a purpose.

Once perceived power is removed, (the teacher or authority) students can negotiate how to begin to reach their academic goal.

Students need to visulize how each comment is like a building block. Some blocks add structure, some fortify, some look good but have little purpose.

Be sure the listener understands you. Be sure you understand them. Agree or Disagree. Find out why.

Don't let your partner monopolize the conversation. Share your thinking because your ideas are valid in that they are yours. You can not do this unless you are actively listening to your conversation partner.

Where did you hear that?
How did you know that?
Where does it say that?
Why should I believe you?

It's okay for kids to ask kids questions in school. Kids know the answer.

Just let it go, don't say it, it is not helpful. Keep your conversation on task to it's academic purpose.

The facts are the facts they don't change. Your opinion is just as important as mine. There are reasons behind every opinion. Reasons can be emotional, cultural, or factual. You are making a judgement try to base it on the facts.

It is okay to agree to disagree if you have talked the issue through.

Be sure your conversation partner is finished.
acknowledge your partners time and effort in helping you to learn.