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Cold War

Published on Nov 18, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

COLD WAR

Photo by shaghaghi

Before WWII

After WWII

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US and USSR became Top Powers
After defeating Germany (and Japan)
Most of Europe was trying to rebuild
America and Soviet Union were virtually untouched and able to “reload” rather than “rebuild”

PROBLEMS...

Problems started during WWII…
US was mad at Stalin for the non-aggression pact with Hitler
Stalin blamed allies (US) for not invading Germany controlled Europe before 1944.

YALTA CONFERENCE

February 1945
US, Britain, USSR met
Divided Germany into zones of occupation controlled by allied forces
Germany would also have to pay reparations to USSR
Stalin agreed to join war against Japan
FDR and Churchill were skeptical of USSR
Photo by Marion Doss

UNITED NATIONS

June 1945
50 countries
Protect members against aggression
Set up in a way that one country could veto any issue (so countries could not vote as a bloc)

US GOALS

  • Encourage democracy
  • Rebuild
  • Raw materials
  • Reunite Germany
Each had VERY DIFFERENT goals moving forward

Encourage democracy in other countries to help prevent the rise of Communist governments
Gain access to raw materials and markets to fuel booming industries
Rebuild European governments to promote stability and create new markets for US goods
Reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase the security of Europe
Photo by Werner Kunz

SOVIET GOALS

  • Spread communism
  • Rebuild
  • Control Eastern Europe
  • Keep Germany divided
Encourage communism in other countries as part of a worldwide workers’ revolution
Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials
Control Eastern Europe to protect Soviet borders and balance the US influence in Western Europe
Keep Germany divided to prevent it from waging war again
Photo by joiseyshowaa

IRON CURTAIN

Russia’s History proved that they were susceptible to attack on its western border
Stalin ignored Yalta agreement and set up communist governments in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, and Hungary

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Photo by reinoutdb

"Communism and Capitalism can not exist in the same world"

April-July 1945
(Japan did not surrender until Sept. 1945)

Communist controlled Eastern Europe created a barrier for Soviet Union
FDR died and Truman became president
“Communism and Capitalism could not exist in the same world”

DIVISION

Europe was now divided…
Germany…
East- Communist; German Democratic Republic
West- Federal Republic of Germany
Same went for rest of Europe (mostly)

CONTAINMENT

Truman Doctrine- developed to try and stop the spread of communism
Marshall Plan (US Sec. of State George Marshall)- gave aid to needy western European countries to rebuild.
$12.5 billion in 1948
Immediate success

GERMANY?

US and USSR fought about what to do with Germany
USSR wanted to keep it weak while US and allies did not
Photo by Bert Kaufmann

Berlin Airlift

Stalin held West Berlin hostage blocking highways, water and railroads to starve them
Stalin thought Allies would give up
But they airlifted supplies to the people for 11 months
May 1949, blockade was lifted

Cold War Begins

Cold war- struggle over political differences carried on by means short of military action or war.
US and USSR used spying, propaganda, diplomacy, and secret operations in their dealings with each other
Influenced alliances all over the world until wall fell in 1991

LINES DRAWN

NATO- North American Trade Organization
10 European countries, US, Canada
Formed defensive military alliance
Warsaw Pact
USSR, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania
1961-built wall to separate East and West Berlin

NUCLEAR WARFARE

Each had atomic bombs but wanted something…a little stonger
1950, Truman authorized work on a thermonuclear weapon

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1952-US have first H-bomb (hydrogen bomb
1953-USSR have theirs

Eisenhower (1953) formed a task force to combat communism
Readied US for war by strengthening the air force and stockpiling nuclear weapons
USSR did the same thing.

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EFFECTS

Of the Cold War
Science and education programs changed during cold war
Aug 1957- Sputnik (first unmanned satellite) was launched into orbit and pointed at earth
1958-US launch its own satellite

SPY GAME

Paranoid of attacks, both had plans to watch the other secretly
US had high altitude planes (U-2’s)
One was shot down which heightened the war.

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