CIVIL RIGHTS TIMELINE

Jim Crow Laws

• 1890-1965
• starting in 1890 with a "separate but equal" status for African Americans, racial segregation state and local laws enacted after the Reconstruction period in Southern United States that continued in force until 1965 mandating de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern U.S. states
• created the biggest problems in the country due to its outrageous treatment of minorities

FORMATION OF CORE

• (Congress of Racial Equality)
• March 1942
• James L. Farmer Jr., George Houser, James R. Robinson, Samuel E Riley, Bernice Fisher, Homer Jack, and Joe Guinness
• U.S. Civil Rights organization that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement
• played an important role in the Civil Rights Movement, still existent today

JACKIE ROBINSON PLAYS BALL

• 1947
• Hank Greenberg and Peewee Reese, they stood up for him against discrimination
• He was the first African American to play in the MLB, ended racial segregation that had related black players to the Negro Leagues since the 1880s
• He was the first African American to play in the MLB, ended racial segregation that had related black players to the Negro Leagues since the 1880s
• He became a close friend of Martin Luther King Jr. And continued to fight for civil rights and equality

Desegregation of the Military

• July 26, 1948, segregation in the military became illegal
• President Harry S. Truman
• abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services
• Military is still intregrated

Malcom X Debut

• 1952
• Malcom
• An African American Muslim minister and a human rights activist
• Nation of Islam grew from 400 members to 40,000 members

Southern christian leadership conference

• formed January 10, 1957
• its first president was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr
• is an African-American civil rights organization
• played a large role in the Civil Rights Movement

BROWN VS. BOARD OF EDUCATION

• May 17, 1954
• Stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional
• Segregation of schools is now illegal

MURDER OF EMMETT TILL

• August 28, 1955
• Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam
• Till cat called a women in a store and later that night two men came and took him. They beat him, gouged his eye out, shot him in the head, and tied him to a 70 pound cotton gin fan with barbed wire.
• Turning point in the Civil Rights Movement

Montgomery bus boycott

• December 1, 1955
• Rosa Parks, Marin Luther King Jr., Ralph Abernathy
• was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation, started from the situation where Rosa Parks didn't give up her seat to a white man.
• minorities started to stand up for themselves more

Martin Luther King Jr. Debut

• 1955, Montgomery boycott was his first major act
• was an American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He did not want any political power, just wanted to spread God's will and love
• He is considered the most important figure and played the largest role in the civil rights movement.

Little rock 9

• Fall 1957
• group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School
• Superintendent of Schools, submitted a plan of gradual integration to the school board on May 24, 1955, which the board unanimously approved. The plan would be implemented during the fall of the 1957 school year, which would begin in September 1957.
• all schools are intergrated today

first lunch counter sit-in

• February 1, 1960
• David Richmond, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair Jr., and Joseph McNeil
• college students that sat down at a lunch counter and asked for service but were refused and asked to leave but they remained in their seats.
• their passive resistence and peaceful sit-down demand helped ignite a youth led movement challenging racial inequality throughout the south

freedom rides

• May 14, 1961
• civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and following years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions
• got the US to enforce the laws made to desegregate

ADMISSION OF JAMES MEREDITH

• 1962
• James Meredith
• First African American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi
• He also planned a sole 220 mile March against Fear

Birmingham Campaign

• 1963
• Martin Luther King, Jr., James Bevel, Fred Shuttlesworth led the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
• the campaign of nonviolent direct action culminated in widely publicized confrontations between young black students and white civic authorities
• eventually led the municipal government to change the city's discrimination laws.

march on washington

• August 28, 1963
• Martin Luther King Jr.
• 200,000 Americans gathered for a political rally for jobs and freedom
• "I had a dream..." speech is still a huge deal today

Civil Rights Act of 1964

• July 2, 1964
• signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson
• outlawed discriminatiopn based on race, color, sex, or national origin. ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public
• still in effect today

March on selma

• 1965
• President Lyndon Johnson's idea, Joseph A Califano served as head of domestic affairs for US President Lyndon Johnson between the years 1965 and 1969, and Martin Luther King Jr. led them
• Activists publicized the three protest marches to walk the 54-mile (87 km) highway from Selma to the Alabama state capital of Montgomery as showing the desire of African-American citizens to exercise their constitutional right to vote, in defiance of segregationist repression.
• contributed to passage that year of the Voting Rights Act, a landmark federal achievement of the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement

Voting Rights Act of 1965

• August 6, 1965
• signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson
• enforced the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. prohibits every state and local government from imposing any voting law that results in discrimination against racial or language minorities. Other general provisions specifically outlaw literacy tests and similar devices that were historically used to disenfranchise racial minorities.
• helped minorities vote and helped keep political agendas equal

black panthers

• 1966-1982
• Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense
• mobilization of the political and economic power of African Americans, especially to demand respect for their rights and to improve their condition
• helped show their power

ROOTS PREMIERE

• January 23, 1977
• Alex Haley, the show was based off his novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family
• Television miniseries about slavery in the 1700s
• improved race relations

Ferguson unrest

• August 9, 2014
• Michael Brown and Darren Wilson
• Brown had stole cigarillos and got physical with the police officer, Wilson, so in self-defense Wilson shot multiple times, with 6 hitting Brown
• The disputed circumstances of the shooting and the resultant protests and civil unrest received considerable attention in the U.S. and abroad, and sparked a vigorous debate about law enforcement's relationship with African Americans, and police use of force doctrine in Missouri and nationwide.