People who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common is significant; also called a social group

People who share a culture and a territory

HUNTING & GATHERING: A human group depending on hunting and gathering for its survival

SHAMAN: The healing specialist of tribal groups who attempts to control the spirits thought to cause a disease or injury; commonly called a witch doctor.

A society based on the pasturing (raising) of animals

SEE CHART PAGE 151 - Consequences of Animal Husbandry and Plant Cultivation.

A society based on cultivating plants by the use of hand tools

A society based on large-scale agriculture, dependent on plows drawn by animals

A society based on the harnessing of machines powered by fuels

A society based on information, services, and high technology, rather than on raw materials and manufacturing

DOMESTICATION REVOLUTION: The first social revolution, based on the domestication of plants and animals, which led to pastoral and horticultural socieities.

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: The second social revolution, based on the invention of the plow which led to agricultural society

INDUSTRIAL REVOLTION: The third social social revolution, occurring when machines powered by fuels replaced most animal and human power

INFORMATIONAL: The fourth revolution that we are currently in, society is moving away from machines and towards technology, information and services.

An economy that centers around the application of gentics-human genetics for medicine, and plant and animal genetics for the production of food.

AGGREGATE: Individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together

CATEGORY: People who share similar characteristics

PRIMARY GROUP: A group characterized by intimate, long term, face- to face- association and cooperation

SECONDARY GROUP: Compared with primary group, a larger, relative temporary, more anonymous, formal, and impersonal group based on some interest or acgtivity, whose members are likely to interact on the basis of specific roles.

IN-GROUPS: Groups toward which one feels loyalty

OUT-GROUPS: Groups toward which one feels antagonism

Herbert Hyman's term for the groups we use as standards to evaluate ourselves

SOCIAL NETWORK: The social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together

CLIQUE: A cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another; an internal faction

ELECTRONIC COMMUNITY: Individuals who regularly interact with one another on the internet and who think of themselves as belonging together

NETWORKING: Using one's social networks for some gain

GROUP DYNAMICS: The ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals

SMALL GROUP: A group small enough for everyone to interact directly with all the other members

DYAD: The smallest possible group, consisting of two people.

TRIAD: A group of three people

COALITION: The alignment of some members of a group against others

LEADER: Someone who influences other people

INSTRUMENTAL LEADER: An Individual who tries to keep the group moving toward its goals; also known as task-oriented leader

EXPRESSIVE LEADER: An individual who increases harmon and minimizes conflict in a group also known as a socio-emotional leader

LEADERSHIP STYLES: Ways in which people express their leadership

AUTHORITARIAN LEADER: A leader who leads by giving orders

DEMOCRATIC LEADER: A leader who leads by trying to reach a consensus

LAISSEZ-FAIRE LEADER: An individual who leads by being highly permissive

CONFORMITY: The Power Of Peer Pressure; The Asch Experiment (Page 167)

AUTHORITY: The Power of Authority; The Milgram Experiment (Page 168)

Irving Janis' term for a narrowing of thought by a group of people, leading to the perception that there is only one correct answer in which even suggest alternatives becomes a sign of disloyalty.