PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Brenda Sampayo 1371488
Casandra Fierro 1371169
Daniel Olvera 1371207
Eduardo Gutiérrez 1370924
Roberto Sobrado 1371954
Priscila Rizo 1372216
Mixing Moral Recipes
For a master recipe: a moral goulash combining
• Natural Law ethics
• virtue ethics
• social contract ethics
• deontological (Kantian) ethics
• consequentialist ethics
• feminist ethics
Human Nature Matters
No moral theory can ignore elemental facts about human nature
It's important, because without this, we understand
Natural Law
The human species necessarily reproduces itself in social groupings
We're social animals
We're rational animal
Social animal plus rational animal = moral animal
Virtue ethics
Explain that rational animals do not merely pursue pleasures and avoid pains like other animals.
We value things and we break the hold of immediate desire and instinct.
Social contract ethics
stresses the importance of social partnership, in mutual benefit. But it is important to not think about this "reciprocity" as a simple "change payment" for services rendered. Sometimes, we have to pay forward and not backward. For example, each generation pays forward the next generation of the service you received from the previous generation.
Deontological ethics
Reason is not simply a handy tool for calculating our long-term happiness. It is also a faculty that imposes logical consistency on our thinking.
Consequentialist Ethics
There are plenty of reasons why the consequences are important to evaluate the morality of the actions, even if the consequences are not always the only thing that matters (and sometimes are not even the most important thing is), who still have in this sense at least: the consequences of not behaving morally for any reason are bad.
Evaluation of actions and specific rules regarding the promotion of the general welfare is only one of the many ways that we promote the general welfare. Using natural ethical modes of reasoning also promotes general well-being.
Feministic ethics
Human nature does not require women's unequal treatment, since we can easily imagine a fully human society in which men and women were equal. In fact, we are quickly reaching the point where advances in reproductive technology will become what we know about pregnancy thing of the past.
«W.D. Ross»
• The first recipe for combining moral recipes was suggested by him
• He agreed with Kant, in his way of thinking
Except on two points:
1.- The Kant's insistence thet all dutie were absolute and unconditional. Ross said that you must always complot with your way of thinking or your duties; as not to lie, but if the result is bad and more morally is lying, you will need to do so.
2.- Ross say that the problem with Kant's ethic is that it puts us in a quandary whenever we find ourselves confronted by two conflicting duties.
When you have to decide between two virtues; for example not to lie and not to kill, a case might be that you tell a murderer as finding the person who wants to kill the truth, you'd be almost killing that person, then would be problem in your ways of thinking or your principles. According to Kant, we have an absolute obligation to tell the truth and to mot tell the truth; but with this explication, we are more confused.
Prima facie duties
Then Ross resolves this issue by saying that, depending on the result it is how you take a decision, of as you use ethics or most appropriate principle for this problem, proceed as in which morality to break less.
Another combination is to add basic principles to rights: that human nature can not know if these elections are good or bad, then must put some rights for all, and that is not as a kind of pretext to violate the rights of others; wanting to be happy for example is natural but a murderer kills and is happy, that's the big problem or someone who steals to give food to others.
John Rawl's Primary Goods
Basically says that even if you do not want to be with others, you have to do because the human is social and that you'll always need to be kind to others, perhaps not you like socializing, but minimum you must respect others since you live in a society and everyone has to get into it, to receive benefits and offer your help.
Jurden Habermas'sDiscourse Ethics
He said that a group of people in a society must speak and decide the most appropriate principles for this. And this
today, but this democracy must be fair and honest to live morally as possible.
