CHAPTER 10 VOCAB

RENAISSANCE

• Started in the 1300's in Italy and soon spread to the rest of Europe
• It was when art and culture began to bloom
• Example: Europeans wanted to learn more about the world and spread their beliefs to others

WESTERNIZATION

• It was the spread of ideas and values from Europe and the Western World
• Example: Europe's cultural influence began to spread around the world.

ABSOLUTISM

• A monarch or other type of ruler cherishes unlimited power.

DIVINE RIGHT

• The thought that a rulers power is from God and cannot be questioned
• Example: In China they use the Mandate of Heaven to support their rule.

COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION

• The swift expansion of trade and commerce
• Transformed Europe starting in the 16th century
• Example: Spain and Portugal exploited the resources and markets of their overseas colonies

CAPITALISM

• An economic system
• All resources are privately owned
• Markets determined how resources were distributed
• Example: living standards rose and wealth increased in Europe

SECULAR

• Non-religious
• Focused on the concerns of the world
• Example: new ways of looking at The eorld swept across Europe

CONQUISTADORS

• Spanish conquerors of the Americas
• Example: They defeated the Aztec and Inca empires

MESTIZOS

• People that are a mix of both European and Native American

INFLATION

• To rise prices
• Mainly caused by an increase in the supply of money
• Example: Countries like Britain and Holland prospered

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

• Plants, animals, and diseases going from the northern hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere
• Example: Wheat, rice, oats, onions, bananas, grapes, coffee, horses,pigs etc all came to the Americas through the Columbian Exchange

GREAT DYING

• American Indian decreases dramatically
• Caused by diseases brought from Europe
• Example: It spread more and more rapidly and killed 50% of the native population

HUMANISM

• A philosophy
• The worth of an individual
• Balancing religious beliefs
• Faith with secular learning
• Example: They combined religious faith with a secular interest

REFORMATION

• A movement in the 16th and 17th century
• Split the Catholic Church
• A new religion was then formed-Protestant
• Example: it began in 1517 with the actions of Martin Luther

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

• The study of nature
• Started in the mid-1500's
• Went beyond religious teachings
• Example: Scientists make advances in astronomy, physics. biology, etc.

ENLIGHTENMENT

• 18th century movement
• To apply scientific methods to society problems
• Example: Hoping to bring a new age of reason, this was known to be Enlightenment.

What changed the world more between 1400 and 1800-trade, travel, weaponry, or ideas?

I think that ideas is what changed the world more between 1400 and 1800. The Europeans were really starting to get curious and wanted to know more about the world. So as they traveled around the world, the spread of ideas took place and people starts to take in their cultural style.