Chapter 10 - Andes and Midlatitude Countries

Lesson 1 - Physical Geography of the Region

• The Andes are the longest continuous group of mountain ranges in the world and the tallest in the Western Hemisphere, with high plateaus and high plains. The land between the Andes and the coast averages 3,500 feet 1,067m above sea level, with tall cliffs and coastal deserts.

Lesson 2 - History of the Region

• The Inca developed a highly sophisticated civilization and built extensive irrigation systems, roads, tunnels, and bridges to connect regions of the empire to Cuzco. Spain conquered the Inca empire and seized control of its precious metals, creating an important transportation route for Spanish goods and creating colonies in South America.

Lesson 3 - Life in the Region

• Buenos Aires is a bustling port and cultural center, with 2.8 million people living in the central city and 11.5 million people in the metropolitan area. It is home to shantytowns, where poor people migrate from remote inland areas to seek a better life. Shantytowns lack sewers, running water, and other services, and are often dangerous places with widespread crime. Native American groups still thrive in parts of the region, such as the Guarani. The Guarani people lived in tropical forests and practiced slash-and-burn agriculture.

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