CHAPTER 24, SECTION 2

AFRICA IN THE EARLY 1800S

• Practically 3x the size of Europe
• Hundreds of languages and governments
• Small village communities
• Large centralized states

AFRICAN REGIONS

NORTH AFRICA

• Part of the Muslim world until the 1800s
• Under the rule of the crumbling Ottoman Empire

EAST AFRICA

• Port cities gained profitable trade
• Often shipped slaves to the Middle East

SOUTH AFRICA

• Shaka Zulu
• Conquering set off mass migration and war
• Constant struggle for control

WEST AFRICA

• Local leaders were corrupt
• New reforms based on Islamic law
• Rebelled against European rulers
• Multiple Islamic reforms
• War quieted, literacy and trade improved

1500S-1700S

• Europeans trade along the African coast
• Africans did not want to "house" them
• Stopped by resistance, geography, & disease
• Medical advances & steamships changed this

EUROPEAN CONTACT INCREASES

• Explorers set out to map African rivers
• Fascinated by African geography and culture
• Missionaries sought to win people to Christianity
• Built schools and clinics alongside churches
• Viewed the culture and religions as "degraded"

DR. DAVID LIVINGSTONE

• Excellent explorer and missionary
• More sympathy - less bias
• Opposed and fought the slave trade
• Blazed trails for many others

A SCRAMBLE FOR COLONIES

• King Leopold II of Belgium
• Spoke of a mission to bring a "new era"
• Secretly dreamed of conquest and profit
• Britain, France, and Germany followed suit

Berlin Conference
Horrors in the Congo
Others Join the Scramble

AFRICANS RESIST IMPERIALISM

ETHIOPIA SURVIVES

• Maintained independence
• Menelik II modernized the country
• Roads, bridges, schools, imports, and military officers
• Was well-prepared for any attack
• One of two independent African nations (Liberia)

AFRICAN ELITE

• Western-educated "elite" emerges
• Some admired Western ways & rejected their culture
• Others condemned Western societies
• African leaders were forming nationalist movements (early 1900s)