CH. 23 OBJECTIVES

PROTESTANT REFORMATION

• Martin Luther (1483-1546)-writer, indulgence sales
• German population and Lutheran Christianity
• King Henry VIII and the Reformation in England
• John Calvin and the Reformation in Europe 

CATHOLIC COUNTER-REFORMATION

• Response to Protestant Reformation
• Council of Trent (1545-1563)- doctrine, reform
• Society of Jesus and St. Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556)
• Jesuits- members, missionaries, global spread of Christianity

TREATY OF WESTPHALIA

• Series of Peace Treaties (signed May-October 1648)
• Ended the Thirty Years' War and Eighty Years' War
• Initiated new system of political order in Central Europe
• Laid foundation for national self-determination

LOUIS XIV

• Royal Absolutism in France, The Sun King
• Versailles
• Massive standing army and control issued by law
• Economic and social development