PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Cell cycle
The cell cycle is the repetitive pattern of growth and division that occurs in eukaryotic cells. This process consists of three phases: interphase mitosis, and cytokinesis.
Interphase
Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle. During interphase the cell focuses on growing and preparing for mitosis. Interphase is made up of three subphases: G1, S, and G2. During G1 the cell grows and synthesizes proteins. During S the chromosomes replicate and divide to make identical chromatids. And finally, during G2, the cell continues to grow and produce protein.
Mitosis
Mitosis is the second part of the cell cycle, which consists of four subcycles, which are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis is the part of the cell cycle where the cell prepares to divide through a series of actions.
Prophase
Prophase is the first subphase of mitosis, where chromosomes coil tightly, the nuclear membrane dissolves, and spindle fibers form and radiate towards the center. By the end of prophase, the centrioles have separated and spread apart.
Metaphase
Metaphase is the second part of mitosis, and is also known as the shortest phase of the cell cycle. During metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers connect the chromosomes to the poles of the cell.
Anaphase
During anaphase, the third phase of mitosis, centromeres that join sister chromatids split and the sister chromatids become individual chromosomes. Then, the separated chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase
Telophase is the final phase of mitosis, the chromosomes uncoil back and a nuclear envelope reappears. The spindle fibers that formed dissolve in the cytoplasm and cytokinesis begins.
Cytokinesis
The final phase in the cell cycle, cytokinesis, the cell divides into two identical cells. For animal cells, the cell pinches into half with a cleavage furrow, and for plant cells a cell plate forms between the two cells.
