There are many different clubs for many different interests
Study clubs, Chess clubs, various sports clubs, reading clubs, music clubs and even cultural clubs
The clubs require a lot of commitment. Some meet up every day of the week.
School days would take up time from the end of school till about dinner time and weekends can take up whole mornings.
Teachers hardly provide full supervision of some clubs, so senior students (せんぱい) would become club presidents and assist the younger students (こはい). But that would involve the younger students cleaning up after club meetings.