Benefits Of Transgenic Organisms
Published on Nov 22, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
A transgenic organism is a gene that can be transplanted from one species to another
Photo by Patrick Hoesly
Transgenic organisms are being produced to contribute to the world in many positive ways
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However, there are some concerns with producing transgenic organisms
Photo by Patrick Hoesly
"85% of the corn produced in the United States is genetically modified"(Center for food safety)
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Genetically modified refers to genetic engineering which is the changing of an organism's DNA to give the organism new traits.
Recombinant DNA or DNA that contains genes from more than one organism can be produced by scientists using a restriction enzyme. A restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a precise location. Plasmids, which are small rings of DNA are also cut with the same enzyme. The plasmid opens and when the gene is added, the sticky ends are bonded and the final plasmid contains recombinant DNA. Recombinant DNA combined with bacteria are transgenic.
Making transgenic organisms is a process of genetic engineering(Holt McDougal, Biology)
There are many positives to transgenic organisms. One would be genetically modified corn or soybean that allows the crops to produce more yield to help feed more people.
Transgenic animals are an example of some positives to transgenic organisms as well.
"Some transgenic animals are produced as disease models(animals genetically manipulated to exhibit disease symptoms so that effective treatment can be studied)." 22http//www.actionbioscience.org/biotechnology/marga wati.htm
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Others are being produced to provide nutritional needs to humans.
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"In 1997, the first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk."22http//www.actionbioscience.org/biotechnology/marga wati.htm
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Finally, we area also using transgenic animals to provide us with items that we can use in manufacturing products.
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"In 2001, two scientists spliced spider genes into the cells of lactating goats. From the milk and weaving them into thread, the scientists can create a light, tough, flexible material that could be used in such application as military uniforms, medical microsutures, and tennis racket strings."22http//www.actionbioscience.org/biotechnology/marga wati.htm
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There are some drawbacks to transgenic animals as well though.
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Some scientists believe that it could lead to species extinction. William Muir and Richard Howard did a study using a small fish called cyprinodont. Their equations predict that a transgene introduced into a natural population by a small number of transgenic fish will spread as a result of mating but the viability of transgenic offspring is not good and that will result in extinction of both the cyprinodont fish and the transgenic fish.(www.pnas.org/content/96/24/13853.full.pdf?sid=358e2300-2905-406f-969d-e823e...)
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Another drawback of transgenic organisms is the possible health risks to humans. With transgenic organisms, there could be new allergens in genetically modified food that harm humans or that our bodies can not fight.
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There could also be economic consequences. Wealthy companies could take control of genetically modified organisms such as corn and soybeans and drive the prices up.
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I believe that the potential for our future using transgenic organisms is very positive and that we should pursue the scientific process of genetic engineering while also looking out for the potential risks and trying to eliminate those.
Photo by ξωαŋ ThΦt (slowly back...)
Glossary
1. A transgenic organism is a gene that can be transplanted from one species to another
2. genetic engineering which is the changing of an organism's DNA to give the organism new traits.
3. Recombinant DNA or DNA that contains genes from more than one organism
4. A restriction enzyme is an enzyme that cuts DNA at a precise location.
5. Plasmids are small rings of DNA.
Works Cited
www.pnas.org/content/96/24/13853.full.pdf?sid=358e2300-2905-406f-969d-e823e...
22http//www.actionbioscience.org/biotechnology/marga wati.htm
Holt McDougal, Biology
Center for food safety
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