Atomic Theory
Published on Nov 25, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
DEMOCRITUS' ATOMIC THEORY
- The first to propose that everything is made up of atoms
- Everything is made up of atoms and empty space
- The atom is the ultimate particle that can not be divided
- Atoms were indestructible
- Solid, but invisible particles
DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY
- Each element is composed if tiny, indestructible particles called atoms
- Tiny, hard invisible spheres
- All atoms of an element are identical
- Atoms combine in simple, whole-numbered ratios to form molecules of compounds
- Because atoms are unbreakable, they must combine as whole atoms
THOMSON ATOMIC THEORY
- Plum pudding model
- The atom is breakable
- The atoms structure jas electrons suspended in a positive electric field
- Electrons are what give the atom its mass
- Electrons are kept from repelling by a large amount of empty space
RUTHERFORD'S ATOMIC THEORY
- Gold foil and alpha particle experiment
- Atoms contain a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons
- Nucleus is positively charged
- Nucleus is almost the entire mass of the atom
- Electrons amount to a very small portion of the mass
BOHR ATOMIC MODEL
- Electrons travel in the shell-like orbits in atoms
- The farther from the nucleus, the more energy it has
- Accurate only for atoms with one electron
- Can not account for electron to electron interactions
- Predicts the spectrum if hydrogen
SCHRÖDINGER'S ATOMIC MODEL
- Each shell has a specific number of subshells
- Subshells (s, p, d, f) contain a certain number if orbitals
- Atoms use as little energy as possible and stay at a low leveled orbit
- The order doesn't always follow the numeric order of shells and subshells
- Electron address can tell us where to find the electrons of an atom
Photo by Marcell Schwarz
