ANTIETAM

On September 17, 1862, The Confederate army and the union engaged in the most savage battle in the civil war.

CASUALTIES

• 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing.
• 6 generals were killed

There was an estimated 36 casualties a minute for twelve hours.

REASONS FOR HORRIFIC AMOUNTS OF CASUALTIES

• Dense, foggy weather conditions.
• Thick gunfire smoke.
• The amount of weapons and ammunition involved
• And the intense, close battle between the Confederates and the union.

Thanks to the efforts of Jonathan Letterman, Father of Modern Battlefield Medicine, the casualties did not reach yet an even higher amount.

First invasion of the North by the confederate general Robert e. Lee and the army of northern Virginia.

The union had an advantage of 75,500. While the confederates had 38,000

Antietam was the first major battle to take place in a union state during the civil war.

6 GENERALS KILLED DURING ANTIETAM BATTLE

• George B Anderson
• Lawrence O'Brian Branch
• Joseph K. f. Mansfield
• Israel b richardson
• Isaac p rodman
• William E Starke

The battle began at dawn and ended at 5:30 pm

At the end of the day, the confederates retreated to Sharpsburg, Maryland.

The leader of the confederate army- Robert e lee.

They met near Antietam creek Sharpsburg

The union named it the battle of Antietam in honor of the creek.

The south called it the battle of Sharpsburg in honor of the town.

A soldier from the north wrote "the whole landscape for an instant turned red."

The union came out of the battle with 12,400 casualties while the confederacy only had 10,320

Another veteran claimed "the field was so full of bodies that a man could have walked through it without stepping on the ground."

One corporal who was shot said: "I found myself on the ground with a strange feeling covering my body...my shirt and blouse filled with blood and I supposed it was my last day on earth. I had the usual feelings of home and friends and thousands of thoughts ran through my mind at once."

Private Alexander Hunter stated: "Another day's march brought us to Hagerstown where the cornfields and orchards furnished our meals. The situation, in a sanitary point, was deplorable. Hardly a soldier had a whole pair of shoes. Many were absolutely bare-footed, and refused to go to the rear. The ambulances were filled with the foot-sore and sick."

Although The battle ended in a stalemate, it kept Robert E. Lee's planned invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania from taking place.

There was no winner, because the fighting stopped of exhaustion

Antietam was part of a larger campaign known as the Maryland campaign lead by Robert. E. Lee

Battle plans of Robert e lee were found but McClellan didn't use this knowledge to his advantage

Lincoln believed that McClellan did a poor job and excused him of his office shortly after the battle

The battle was preceded by the battles at Harper's ferry and south mountain

A section of the battlefield is called bloody lane because of the casualty count of 5,600

The best area during the battle was the corn field due to the fact that you could see almost the whole battle ground from there

At the end of the battle both generals thought that they had come out with a victory

Neither army clearly won, but the north claimed victory because the south was forced to retreat

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLOMATION

The emancipation proclamation was limited to only the states that seceded from the union.

Although the proclamation did not end slavery in all states, it metamorphosed the character of the war.

LINCOLN ISSUED THE Ep TWICE.

While Britain and France were contemplating helping the confederacy, the proclamation showed that they were for slavery and quickly abandoned the idea.

Lincoln once stated about the proclamation: "I never, in my life, felt more certain that I was doing right, than I do in signing this paper, If my name ever goes into history, it will be for this act, and my whole soul is In it."

In the beginning, Lincoln's advisors didn't support the proclamation because they thought it was too radical.

Harriet Tubman began creating a name for herself prior to the proclamation.

The civil war was the rise if the 13th amendment.

Under the emancipation proclamation, former slaves didn't gain their citizenship.

The proclamation was not a law, but an order.

Because there were few union groups to enforce the order, the proclamation had very little effect on Texas slavery.

In 1865, the Democratic Party did not favor the anti-slave movement.

Lincoln thought blacks shouldn't have the same rights as whites.

T'was a presidential proclamation. Which is a proclamation issued by the president overruling public policy.

3 million slaves were largely affected due to the immediate effect of the emancipation proclamation.

The emancipation proclamation led to total abolishment of slavery and paved the way for African Americans to fight for their freedom.

Lincoln also said that the proclamation was "an act of justice, warranted by the constitution upon military necessity."

Booker T. Washington wrote on the day of the proclamation "As the great day drew nearer, there was more singing in the slave quarters than usual. It was bolder, had more ring, and lasted later into the night. Most of the verses of the plantation songs had some reference to freedom….

Continued.... "Some man who seemed to be a stranger (a United States officer, I presume) made a little speech and then read a rather long paper—the Emancipation Proclamation, I think. After the reading we were told that we were all free, and could go when and where we pleased....

Continued... "My mother, who was standing by my side, leaned over and kissed her children, while tears of joy ran down her cheeks. She explained to us what it all meant, that this was the day for which she had been so long praying, but fearing that she would never live to see.”

Practical effects of the proclamation were limited but it was an important symbol that the north didn't just want to keep the union but wanted to abolish slavery.

The original draft of the emancipation proclamation was burned in a fire in 1863 but there are earlier copies that exist

Surprisingly slave owners for the most part weren't violent about the freeing of slaves.

The proclamation didn't free slaves in border states or any southern states under the unions control

The emancipation proclamation demonstrated the presidents power in war

The emancipation proclamation was signed because of the victory at Antietam.

After the proclamation slaves still held in captivity realized that if they could escape from their owner they would become free

A black abolitionist named Frederick Douglass stated his disappointment with the proclamation with the quote "It was not a proclamation of liberty throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof such as we had hoped it would be"

The proclamation increased the goals of the Union to a higher level.

One reason Lincoln didn't want to free all the slaves is because he didn't want to anger the border states on the unions side.

CITATIONS

• nps.gov civil-war-facts.com history.com civilwar.org eyewitnesstohistory.com archives.gov dailydot.com american-historama.com kulturekritic.com black-history-facts.com

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