ANCIENT EGYPT

WHERE EGYPT IS LOCATED

WHY THE NILE RIVER IS IMPORTANT

• Egypt is mainly made up of hot deserts and receives little rainfall.
• Without the River Nile, the area would be entirely desert.
• All of Egypt depended on the Nile for water, food and transportation.
• The Nile also provided the ancient Egyptians with fertile land
• which helped them to grow their crops and raise their animals.

BURIAL CUSTOMS

• Women wore straight dresses with one or two shoulder straps.
• Men of the working classes wore a loincloth or short kilt
• Most young children went around completely naked
• The Egyptians wore make-up and jewel to honour the gods
• Both men and women wore blue and green eyeshadow and black eyeliner.

HOW DID THEY MAKE MUMMIES

• A mummy is the body of a person that has been preserved after death.
• They were any Egyptian who could afford to pay for the expensive process
• The Egyptians believed in life after death
• They believed that they had to preserve their bodies so they could use them in afterlife.
• It was called mummification

PYRAMIDS

• The Egyptians believed that if the pharaoh's body could be mummified
• The tombs were designed to protect the buried Pharaoh's body
• Most of the pyramids can be found on the western side of the Nile River
• The dry desert heat worked to keep the Pharaohs's body and his belongings from rotting

THE GREAT SPHINX

• The Great Sphinx is a large human-headed lion
• A Sphinx is a mythological creature with the body of a lion and the head of a person.
• What walks on four legs in the morning, on two at noon and on three at night?
• The Sphinx was built for the Egyptian Pharaoh Khafre during his reign
• The Great Sphinx is a colossal stone statue located next to the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt.

KING TUTANKHAMEN

• Tutankhamun was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty
• ruled Egypt as pharaoh for 10 years until his death at age 19, around 1324 B.C
• King Tutankhamun is most important because of the quality and quantity of artifacts found within his tomb.

ANUBIS

• The God Anubis is in charge of watching over the dead
• The God Anubis is in charge of watching over the dead
• Anubis was a man with a jackal head
• Anubis was the god who helped to embalm Osiris after he was killed by Seth

OSIRIS

• Osiris was the god of the dead, and ruler of the underworld.
• Osiris was mummified man wearing a white cone-like headdress with feathers
• As well as being a god of the dead, Osiris was a god of resurrection

ISIS

• A woman with headdress in the shape of a throne
• Isis was a protective goddess.
• Isis was the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus.
• She used powerful magic spells to help people in need.

THE ROSETTA STONE

• The Rosetta Stone is a stone with writing on it in two languages
• The Rosetta Stone is one of the most important objects in the British Museum
• The Rosetta Stone is one most important objects in the British Museum it holds the key to Egyptian hieroglyphs

QUEEN HATSHEPSUT

• A daughter of King Thutmose I, Hatshepsut became queen of Egypt when she married her half-brother
• Born circa 1508 B.C., Queen Hatshepsut reigned over Egypt for more than 20 years
• Hatshepsut was the longest reigning female pharaoh in Egypt, ruling for 20 yearsin the 14th century B.C

NEFERTITI

• Nefertiti was queen alongside Pharaoh Akhenaten from 1353 to 1336 B.C. and may have ruled the New Kingdom
• Pharaoh Akhenaten was Nefertiti's husband
• Nefertiti lived 1370 BC – ca. 1330 BC

THE GREAT PYRAMID

• The pyramid was built by the pharaoh Khufu, who ruled Egypt about 2547-2524 B.C
• The Great Pyramid of Giza was built for the Fourth Dynasty Pharaoh Khufu
• the Great Pyramid was originally 146 meters tall, but it has lost about 10 meters

PAPYRUS

• Step 1: Harvesting and Preperation
• Step 2: Making the Strips
• Step 3: Soaking the Strips and Step 4: Laying out the Strips
• Step 5: Compress and Dry and Step 6: The Big Reveal!
• Step 7: Smoothing and Writing!

HIEROGLYPHICS

• a system that employs characters in the form of pictures
• The hieroglyphic system used in Egypt had between 700 and 800 basic symbols
• Egyptians wrote hieroglyphs in long lines from right to left, and from top to bottom.

OLD KINGDOM, MIDDLE KINGDOM, NEW KINGDOM

• an important period of the ancient Egyptian history made famous for the building of the Step Pyramid.
• The Middle Kingdom was formed after a series of wars between the Upper Egpy and the Lower Egypt
• It was Egypt’s most important time and marked the peak of its power.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• 1) Pharaoh
• 2) Priests and nobles
• 3) Traders and shoekeepers
• 4) Farmers and herders
• 5) Unskilled workers and servants