PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Battle of Valley Forge part 1
In 1777, commander of the Continental Army George Washington, the future first president of the United States, leads his beleaguered troops into winter quarters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
In 1777, commander of the Continental Army George Washington, the future first president of the United States, leads his beleaguered troops into winter quarters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.Once Washington's detractors in Congress realized they could not sway his troops' loyalty, they gave up on any secret plans to replace him. In March 1778, Washington led his troops, their bodies and supplies replenished and their confidence restored, out of Valley Forge to face the British again.
Battle of Valley Forge part2
Once Washington's detractors in Congress realized they could not sway his troops' loyalty, they gave up on any secret plans to replace him. In March 1778, Washington led his troops, their bodies and supplies replenished and their confidence restored, out of Valley Forge to face the British again.
Battle of Yorktown
On this day in 1781, General George Washington, commanding a force of 17,000 French and Continental troops, begins the siege known as the Battle of Yorktown against British General Lord Charles Cornwallis and a contingent of 9,000 British troops at Yorktown, Virginia, in the most important battle of the Revolutionary War.Although the war persisted on the high seas and in other theaters, the Patriot victory at Yorktown ended fighting in the American colonies. Peace negotiations began in 1782, and on September 3, 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, formally recognizing the United States as a free and independent nation after eight years of war.
Important people and why
Abigail Adams
Abigail was the First Lady of John Adams and the mother of John Quincy Adams the 2nd and 6th presidents ,she had 3 other kids,and stood up for women's rights.
John Adams
John Adams was the first Vice President and the 2nd president.He started out as a Harvard educated lawyer.He then went on to become a delegate of the first and 2nd continental congress.during the revolutionary war he served in France and Holland in diplomatic roles.Also he helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris.From 1785-1788 he was a minister at St.James.
Wentworth Cheswell
In 1768, Wentworth was elected town constable, the first of many offices he would hold throughout his life.In April 1776, Wentworth signed a document in which he pledged, at the risk of life and fortune, to take up arms to resist the British.Like Paul Revere, he made an all-night ride back from Boston to warn his community of the impending British invasion. With the imminent arrival of the British frigate Scarborough and the sloop of war Canseau, Portsmouth asked for help from their neighboring communities. Newmarket held a town meeting, where it was decided that thirty men would be sent to Portsmouth to help. Cheswell made the ride to Exeter, receiving instructions from the committee on where the men of Newmarket were to be.
Samuel and his so called brother John Adams The Adams Brothers were actually cousins. Samuel was born in Boston in September of 1722 from a brewer and a merchant. Samuel had a good education at Master of Arts Harvard to be a politician. He was a good politician ,a bad brewer, and a poor business man.In 1765 he was elected onto the Boston assembly.He was also a part of the Provincial council during the crisis in Boston .He was a leading advocate of republicanism and a good friend of Tom Paine. In 1774 he was put on to the first continental congress.Two years later he signed the deceleration of independence.Adams retired in 1781 from the congress to return home and be part of the convention to form the first constitution. In 1789 he was appointed the lieutenant governor of the state. In 1794 he was elected governor and re-elected annually until 1797 when he retired for health reasons.He died in October of 1803.
Mercy Otis Warren
"The conscience of America" as she was called had a very big impact on life with her writings.She accomplished things unknown to women in her time.She was producing more & more of influential writings.The first women playwright wrote the first history of the revolutionary war (by man or women) and influenced most of the founding fathers and stood up for women's rights.
James Armistead
Spy, revolutionary. Born into slavery to owner William Armistead around December 10, 1748, in New Kent, Virginia. In 1781, James Armistead volunteered to join the U.S. Army in order to fight for the American Revolution. His master granted him permission to join the revolutionary cause, and the American Continental Army stationed Armistead to serve under the Marquis de Lafayette, the commander of allied French forces.Lafayette employed Armistead as a spy, with the hopes of gathering intelligence in regards to enemy movements. Posing as a runaway slave hired by the British to spy on the Americans, Armistead successfully infiltrated British General Charles Cornwallis' headquarters. He later returned north with turncoat soldier Benedict Arnold, and learned further details of British operations without being detected.
BEN FRANKLIN
- Ben made a plan that was rejected but helped with the work on the articles
- In 1766, Franklin protested in the British Parliament against the Stamp Act
- In 1776, he was part of the five-member committee that helped draft the Declaration of Independence
- As minister to France starting in 1778, Franklin helped negotiate and draft the 1783 Treaty of Paris
Bernardo de Gálvez
This man was the Spanish governor of the Louisiana territory that included 13 of our present states. Also before any declaration of war Gàvalez sent Washington and General Clark weapons and supplies. When Spain entered in war against Great Britain this young officer drove the British out of the Gulf of Mexico. He captured five of the British forts.
Crispus Attucks
The role of this man in the revolution was full of controversy. He was immortalized as a hero from Paul Reveres engraving "The Bloody Massacres". He also was a hero in the 19th century when he ran away from his slave master as he stood up and died for his rights. He was commemorated with poems ,a monument ,in 1888 his 275th birthday he was put on a coin, and many places are named after him to represent his struggles.
King George III
A flawed ruler himself, George appointed a series of rather incompetent men to serve as his ministers. The result was inconsistency in governmental policy: under George Grenville (1763-65), the wildly unpopular Stamp Act was imposed on the colonies; it was repealed under the Marquess of Rockingham (1765-66), only to have new duties levied with the Townshend Acts of Lord Chatham (1766-68). Meanwhile, George gave in to the reality of patronage politics and lavishly doled out favors in return for a coterie of ""king's friends"" in Parliament. This later became fodder for American charges of corruption, foppery, and irresponsible degradation in the English government. In response to the Boston Tea Party of 1773, George famously told Lord North that ""The colonists must either submit or triumph," and so they did.
Haym Salomen-Revolutionary war financier and a spy before. This man was arrested twice and was sentenced to death once but paid the jailor in order to get out. He then became a financier and a good one at that. Salomon, a major contributor towards the 1782 construction of the Congregation's main building, also served as the treasurer to the Society for the Relief of Destitute Strangers, the first Jewish charitable organization in Philadelphia.In 1783, the population of Philadelphia was estimated at 40,000 with 350 Jews. Salomon, following the lead of his friend Robert Morris, lobbied successfully to have the Pennsylvania Council of Censors remove the religious test oath required for office-holding under the State Constitution. In 1784, Solomon stated: I am a Jew; it is my own nation; I do not despair that we shall obtain every other privilege that we aspire to enjoy along with our fellow-citizens.
Patrick Henry-Virginia lawyer and politician Patrick Henry (1736-1799) was one of the leading figures of the American Revolutionary period. An outspoken opponent of the Stamp and Townshend Acts levied by England, he stirred the seeds of discord with his famous Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death speech to the Virginia Assembly in 1775. Henry served a crucial role in the overthrow of the royally appointed Virginia leadership and was elected governor multiple times. Although he opposed the formation of the U.S. Constitution as a threat to the liberties of the people and the rights of the states, his criticisms helped bring about the amendments that became the bill of rights.
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), author of the Declaration of Independence and the third U.S. president, was a leading figure in America’s early development. During the American Revolutionary War (1775-83), Jefferson served in the Virginia legislature and the Continental Congress and was governor of Virginia. He later served as U.S. minister to France and U.S. secretary of state, and was vice president under John Adams (1735-1826). Jefferson, who thought the national government should have a limited role in citizens’ lives, was elected president in 1800. During his two terms in office (1801-1809), the U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory and Lewis and Clark explored the vast new acquisition. Although Jefferson promoted individual liberty, he was also a slaveowner. After leaving office, he retired to his Virginia plantation, Monticello, and helped found the University of Virginia.
Marquis de Lafayette-After purchasing the ship La Victoire and setting a course to America, Lafayette learned his first English phrases during his 54 days at sea. His June, 1777 landfall in South Carolina brought him within several days' ride of his grail: the twin opportunity to exact a pound of flesh from the British, and to satisfy his DNA's demand that he raise his sword before the oppressor of his age.
Congress declined his services when Lafayette presented himself in Philadelphia, but his earnestness, and his assurance that he would serve at his own expense, won him the rank of major general. He quickly fell into the company of George Washington, and the two formed a bond of will and philosophy so strong that Washington came to regard Lafayette as his son, a relationship reciprocated by the young Frenchman.
Thomas Paine-His career turned to journalism while in Philadelphia, and suddenly, Thomas Paine became very important. In 1776, he published Common Sense, a strong defense of American Independence from England. He traveled with the Continental Army and wasn't a success as a soldier, but he produced The American Crisis (1776-83), which helped inspire the Army. This pamphlet was so popular that as a percentage of the population, it was read by or read to more people than today watch the Super Bowl.
Washington led his army against the British and their commander Sir William Howe. The "shot heard around the world" was fired at Lexington in 1774 and the War began. The Battle of Bunker Hill gave the Americans great confidence, soon challenged by the mighty British Army on Long Island, Harlem Heights, and White Plains, New York. Washington retreated to Manhattan and bought some time. He crossed the Delaware and found victory against the British in Trenton, New Jersey and later in Princeton. Washington chased the British back to New York and Washington went into winter quarters in Morristown, New Jersey. Howe's army landed at Head of Elk and moved toward Philadelphia. The British triumphed at Brandywine, and Washington moved his troops to protect Philadelphia. The British took Germantown and camped there, awaiting the Americans. Washington formulated his plan and his troops in for the attack.
At the start of the Revolutionary War in 1776, Deborah Sampson was sixteen. George Washington had been chosen to lead the American army. The Declaration of Independence was being signed and approved. Men and boys from all across the area were joining the continental army. Deborah, longing for a life of her own and seeing some of the world before being married, thought about joining the army, too. She thought about it a lot.Finally, she bought herself men's clothes, put her hair in a ponytail, deepened her voice, and bound her breasts tightly to look like a male. Then on May 20, 1782, when she was twenty-one, Deborah Sampson enlisted in the Continental army claiming she was a fifteen year old boy. Because she was 5 foot 7 inches in height, tall for a woman at that time, she did pass as a boy.
Though she was English by birth, Esther was exceptionally devoted to the revolutionary cause. During the Revolutionary War, she helped organize a women's group in Philadelphia which raised more than $7000 in support of the war. At the suggestion of General Washington, the group then used the funds to purchase linen and sew clothing for American troops. De Berdt had wanted to give the men gold or silver coins, something above and beyond what they would normally receive, but Washington feared the money would be used for liquor, and that the men, used to receiving paper money, each volunteer seamstress, whether married or unmarried, sew her name into the clothing she made. More than 2,200 shirts for the soldiers were created from the funds and the labor of these women. For de Berdt's efforts in support of the American cause, she was recognized as a Daughter of Liberty
