When something is repeated, done over and over again to create a pattern. In design this could be shape, colour, line or texture. It is used to reinforce the work
When two opposite elements such as colour, shape, texture and line are arranged together on a page. For example the colours white and black create contrast.
Distance between items on the page. This could be positive (white or light) or negative (black or dark). Space doesn't always need to be real but an illusion of it. It could be shallow, deep 2D or 3D