PRESENTATION OUTLINE
HISTORY
Lithium was first discovered as a chemical element in 1817. By the mid-1800s, there was great interest in "urate imbalances", which were thought to explain a variety of diseases, including mania and depression. Around this time, it was discovered that a solution of lithium carbonate could dissolve stones made of urate.
SIGNIFICANCE
The principal industrial applications for lithium metal are in metallurgy, where the active element is used as a scavenger (remover of impurities) in the refining of such metals as iron, nickel, copper, and zinc and their alloys.
PRODUCTS
~ Cars
~ Batteries
~ Cellphones
~ Cordless Phone
~ Laptop
~ Backup Power Source
~ UPS
~ Power Tools
HISTORY
Osmium was discovered in 1803 by Smithson Tennant in the dark coloured residue left when crude platinum is dissolved by aqua regia (a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acid). This dark residue contains both osmium (named after osme meaning odour) and iridium.
SIGNIFICANCE
Osmium is an element in Group 8 (VIIIB) of the periodic table. The periodic table is a chart showing how chemical elements are related to one another. Osmium is also a member of the platinum family. This family consists of five other elements: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, indium, and platinum. These elements often occur together in the Earth's crust
PRODUCTS
~vapour exposure staining of organic tissue for electron microscopy examination
~X-ray crystallography as a diffraction medium
~crystal glass and for catalytic osmylation
HISTORY
Titanium: historical information. Titanium was discovered by William Gregor at 1791 in England. Origin of name: named after the "Titans", (the sons of the Earth goddess in Greek mythology). Titanium was discovered by the Reverend William Gregor in 1791, who was interested in minerals.
SIGNIFICANCE
Over the last 50 years the element titanium has been steadily gaining in importance. The major interests range from titanium metal, which combines good resistance to corrosion with high strength and low specific gravity, to the white pigment, titanium dioxide, and titanium tetrachloride, a chemical intermediate.
PRODUCTS
~Money Clip
~Titanium Whistles
~Titanium Straws
~Titanium Chain
~Misc. Titanium
~Stiletto Titanium Tools
HISTORY
Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not isolated until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy, Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) and Louis Jaques Thenard (1777-1857). This was accomplished through the reaction of boric acid (H3BO3) with potassium.
SIGNIFICANCE
Boron compounds are widely used raw materials in various industries. However, high boron concentration in aqueous systems may be harmful to both humans and plants. Many treatment technologies have shown wide limitations in the removal of boron from wastewater and boronic wastes due to the complex boron chemistry.
PRODUCTS
~Advanced Materials
Environmental Technologies
Neutron Detection
~Nuclear Power
Chemistry
Neutron Absorbers
Nuclear Fuel
~Product Development
HISTORY
Antimony(III) sulfide, Sb2S3, was recognized in predynastic Egypt as an eye cosmetic (kohl) as early as about 3100 BC, when the cosmetic palette was invented.
SIGNIFICANCE
Antimony si a semimetallic chemical element which can exist in two forms: the metallic form is bright, silvery, hard and brittle; the non metallic form is a grey powder. Antimony is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, it is stable in dry air and is not attacked by dilute acids or alkalis. Antimony and some of its alloys expand on cooling.
PRODUCTS
Antimony is a naturally occurring metal often used in combination with lead and zinc, found in metal alloys, paints, ceramics, and fireworks. It is also used as a catalyst to produce polyester, and is found in plastics used for disposable beverage bottles. The most widely used antimony compound is antimony trioxide, used as a component in flame retardant applications
