DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION:

CHALLENGES RELATED TO THE DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION IN 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOMS???

• The one-room schoolhouse is a prime example of teachers differentiating to meet the needs of all students

ISSUE IN DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION

• Differentiated instruction is inherent in quality instruction. Teachers differentiate to help each learners learn and progress with methods that are specifically tailored to the learners' academic needs. In a perfect classroom situation, differentiation ensures that learners master essential skills. This is part of the problem--no ideal situation can exist for a long period of time.

CHALLENGES RELATED TO THE DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION IN 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOMS???

According to Yadav (2019),the challenges of the changes in education system keeps on changing educational developers 'roles and the use of innovation to stimulate change. Differentiation is one of the instructional strategies which can be seen as innovative practices for better learning in 21st century. Differentiating instruction may mean teaching the same material to all students using a variety of instructional strategies, or it may require the teacher to deliver lessons at varying levels of difficulty based on the ability of each student in the classroom.

Four ways to differentiate instruction

1.CONTENT

• Differentiate the content by designing activities for groups of students that cover various levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy (a classification of levels of intellectual behavior going from lower-order thinking skills to higher-order thinking skills). The six levels are: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.

Examples of differentiating activities:

• Match vocabulary words to definitions.
• Read a passage of text and answer related questions.
• Think of a situation that happened to a character in the story and a different outcome.
• Differentiate fact from opinion in the story.
• Identify an author’s position and provide evidence to support this viewpoint.
• Create a PowerPoint presentation summarizing the lesson.

2.PROCESS

• Each student has a preferred learning style, and successful differentiation includes delivering the material to each style: visual, auditory and kinesthetic, and through words. This process-related method also addresses the fact that not all students require the same amount of support from the teacher, and students could choose to work in pairs, small groups, or individually. And while some students may benefit from one-on-one interaction with you or the classroom aide, others may be able to progress by themselves. Teachers can enhance student learning by offering support based on individual needs.

Examples of differentiating the process:

• Provide textbooks for visual and word learners.
• Allow auditory learners to listen to audio books.
• Give kinesthetic learners the opportunity to complete an interactive assignment online.

3. Product

• The product is what the student creates at the end of the lesson to demonstrate the mastery of the content. This can be in the form of tests, projects, reports, or other activities. You could assign students to complete activities that show mastery of an educational concept in a way the student prefers, based on learning style.

Examples of differentiating the end product:

• Read and write learners write a book report.
• Visual learners create a graphic organizer of the story.
• Auditory learners give an oral report. Kinesthetic learners build a diorama illustrating the story.
• Kinesthetic learners build a diorama illustrating the story.

4. Learning environment

• The conditions for optimal learning include both physical and psychological elements. A flexible classroom layout is key, incorporating various types of furniture and arrangements to support both individual and group work. Psychologically speaking, teachers should use classroom management techniques that support a safe and supportive learning environment.

Examples of differentiating the environment

• Break some students into reading groups to discuss the assignment.
• Allow students to read individually if preferred.
• Create quiet spaces where there are no distractions.

Pros and cons of differentiated instruction

Pros of differentiated instruction

• Research shows differentiated instruction is effective for high-ability students as well as students with mild to severe disabilities.
• When students are given more options on how they can learn material, they take on more responsibility for their own learning.
• Students appear to be more engaged in learning, and there are reportedly fewer discipline problems in classrooms where teachers provide differentiated lessons.

cons of differentiated instruction

• Differentiated instruction requires more work during lesson planning, and many teachers struggle to find the extra time in their schedule.
• The learning curve can be steep and some schools lack professional development resources.
• Critics argue there is not enough research to support the benefits of differentiated instruction

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