The 19th Amendment

Published on Apr 20, 2020

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Suffrage & 19th Amendment

Suffrage Movement (US)

  • women's suffrage: is the right of women to vote in elections.
  • closely tied to the abolition movement to abolish slavery (13th Amendment)

Seneca Falls (July 1848)

  • July 1848
  • Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
  • first women's right convention in the US
  • 300 women and men participated
  • "Declaration of Sentiments" was signed
  • considered beginning of women's suffrage movement

National Women's Right Convention

  • started in 1850
  • annual meetings
  • 11th Meeting founded the American Equal Rights Association (AERA)

American Equal Rights Association

  • founded in 1866 in NY
  • "to secure Equal Rights to all American citizens, especially the right of suffrage, irrespective of race, color or sex."
  • 1869 - the organization split because of debate over 15th amendment which gave equal rights based on race but not gender.

Split into 2 Organizations

  • National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
  • American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)

American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA

  • led by Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe and others
  • opposed the 15th Amendment because it did not include women equal rights

National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA

  • led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton
  • opposed the 15th Amendment because it did not include women equal rights
  • more influential of the two orgs

1870s

  • suffragists (women’s suffrage activists) began attempting to vote at polling places and filing lawsuits when their attempts were rejected.
  • Susan B. Anthony was arrested and put on trial for voting in the 1872 presidential election.

Minor v. Happersett (1875)

  • strategy was to have the Supreme Court rule that women had the right to vote.
  • Supreme Court rejected that in the decision of Minor v. Happersett
  • So new strategy at the state level to win the right to vote to force federal action.

National American Woman Suffrage Association

  • the two organizations united in 1890National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
  • National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
  • created by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton

States Suffrage Movement

  • very successful
  • by the time of the 19th Amendment (1920), over 1/2 of the states had already granted limited voting rights to women

Untitled Slide

19th Amendment

  • Proposed May 19th, 1919
  • Passed by Congress on June 4th 1919
  • Ratified: August 18th, 1920
  • Took effect on August 26th, 1920

Famous Suffragists

Sojourner Truth

Sojourner Truth (1797 – 1883)

  • born as a slave in NY
  • escaped in 1826
  • first black woman to win a court case to return her son from slavery.

Sojourner Truth (1797 – 1883)

  • devoted her life to fighting for civil rights for African Americans and women

Sojourner Truth (1797 – 1883)

  • her most famous speech "Ain't I a Woman" was in 1851, at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention
  • Smithsonian magazine's list of the "100 Most Significant Americans of All Time"

Sojourner Truth

"Ain't I a Woman" Speech

Lucretia Mott

Lucretia Mott (1793-1880)

  • helped write the Declaration of Sentiments during the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention.
  • abolitionist, suffragist, orator
  • cousin was Benjamin Franklin

Lucretia Mott (1793-1880)

  • after graduation she became a teacher and found that male teachers were paid more. So she started getting involved in the women's rights movement.

Susan B. Anthony

Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)

  • incredible orator
  • 75 to 100 speeches per year.
  • devoted her life - no husband, no kids, no salary.
  • organizer, trained other leaders, fundraiser

Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)

  • 1872 - arrested for voting in the presidential election.
  • she was not allowed to speak in her own defense at her trial.
  • "I shall never pay a dollar of your unjust penalty"

Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)

  • first female citizen to be depicted on U.S. coinage when her portrait appeared on the 1979 dollar coin.

Elizabeth Stanton

Elizabeth Stanton (1815-1902)

  • her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the Seneca Falls Convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York
  • president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association
  • debate team in high school

Elizabeth Stanton (1815-1902)

  • worked closely with Susan B. Anthony

Elizabeth Stanton (1815-1902)

  • abolitionist (13th amendment) but opposed the 14th and 15th amendments to give more rights to African Americans
  • racist arguments against African American rights

Carrie Chapman Catt

Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)

  • at the age of 13 became a suffragist when she realized her mother could not vote.
  • her father said voting "was men's business."
  • So she decided to change that.

Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)

  • couldn't join the debate team in school and so debated them on that won.
  • started her own girl's debate team at school

Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)

  • founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women.
  • "led an army of voteless women in 1919 to pressure Congress to pass the 19th amendment and convinced state legislatures to ratify it in 1920"

Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)

  • however, often used racist, discriminatory, and xenophobic arguments to get states to pass the 19th amendment.

Racism in Suffrage Movement

Ida B. Wells

Ida B. Wells (1862 – 1931)

  • Born into slavery. Freed by Civil War & Emancipation Proclamation.
  • started as a teacher but fired for protesting segregated schools
  • became an investigative journalist to report & investigate lynchings

Untitled Slide

Ida B. Wells (1862 – 1931)

  • helped to organize the NAACP
  • In 1893, she organized The Women's Era Club, a first-of-its-kind civic club for African-American women in Chicago.
  • Suffrage movement for women and African American women

Alice Paul

Alice Paul (1885-1977)

  • started in England with the suffrage movement. Arrested, jailed, and beaten for her protests.
  • arrested 7 times, jailed 3 times, 3 months hard labor

Alice Paul (1885-1977)

  • fought for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
  • one of the main leaders of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment
  • after the 19th Amendment was passed, she fought for the Equal Rights Amendment.

Lucy Burns

Lucy Burns (1879 – 1966)

  • Close friend to Alice Paul. Met in jail in England.
  • formed the National Woman's Party with Paul

Fannie Lou Hamer

Fannie Lou Hammer (1917-1977)

  • voting and women's rights activist
  • civil rights leader
  • co-founder and vice-chair of the Freedom Democratic Party

Fannie Lou Hammer (1917-1977)

  • also organized Mississippi's Freedom Summer along with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
  • co-founder of the National Women's Political Caucus

Fannie Lou Hammer (1917-1977)

  • extorted, threatened, harassed, shot at, and assaulted by white supremacists and police while trying to register for and exercise her right to vote
  • shot at 16 times in a drive-by shooting by white supremacists
  • constantly had to move her family

Erik Fogel

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