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The 19th Amendment
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Published on Apr 20, 2020
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
1.
Suffrage & 19th Amendment
2.
Suffrage Movement (US)
women's suffrage: is the right of women to vote in elections.
closely tied to the abolition movement to abolish slavery (13th Amendment)
3.
Untitled Slide
Link to Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iu09-7Wq3fs
Link to Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LmBgY-F5A
Play Video
4.
Seneca Falls (July 1848)
July 1848
Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
first women's right convention in the US
300 women and men participated
"Declaration of Sentiments" was signed
considered beginning of women's suffrage movement
5.
National Women's Right Convention
started in 1850
annual meetings
11th Meeting founded the American Equal Rights Association (AERA)
6.
American Equal Rights Association
founded in 1866 in NY
"to secure Equal Rights to all American citizens, especially the right of suffrage, irrespective of race, color or sex."
1869 - the organization split because of debate over 15th amendment which gave equal rights based on race but not gender.
7.
Split into 2 Organizations
National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)
American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)
8.
American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA
led by Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe and others
opposed the 15th Amendment because it did not include women equal rights
9.
National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA
led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton
opposed the 15th Amendment because it did not include women equal rights
more influential of the two orgs
10.
1870s
suffragists (women’s suffrage activists) began attempting to vote at polling places and filing lawsuits when their attempts were rejected.
Susan B. Anthony was arrested and put on trial for voting in the 1872 presidential election.
11.
Minor v. Happersett (1875)
strategy was to have the Supreme Court rule that women had the right to vote.
Supreme Court rejected that in the decision of Minor v. Happersett
So new strategy at the state level to win the right to vote to force federal action.
12.
National American Woman Suffrage Association
the two organizations united in 1890National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
created by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton
13.
States Suffrage Movement
very successful
by the time of the 19th Amendment (1920), over 1/2 of the states had already granted limited voting rights to women
14.
Untitled Slide
15.
19th Amendment
Proposed May 19th, 1919
Passed by Congress on June 4th 1919
Ratified: August 18th, 1920
Took effect on August 26th, 1920
16.
Famous Suffragists
17.
Sojourner Truth
18.
Sojourner Truth (1797 – 1883)
born as a slave in NY
escaped in 1826
first black woman to win a court case to return her son from slavery.
19.
Sojourner Truth (1797 – 1883)
devoted her life to fighting for civil rights for African Americans and women
20.
Sojourner Truth (1797 – 1883)
her most famous speech "Ain't I a Woman" was in 1851, at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention
Smithsonian magazine's list of the "100 Most Significant Americans of All Time"
21.
Sojourner Truth
"Ain't I a Woman" Speech
Link to Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ry_i8w2rdQY
Play Video
22.
Lucretia Mott
23.
Lucretia Mott (1793-1880)
helped write the Declaration of Sentiments during the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention.
abolitionist, suffragist, orator
cousin was Benjamin Franklin
24.
Lucretia Mott (1793-1880)
after graduation she became a teacher and found that male teachers were paid more. So she started getting involved in the women's rights movement.
25.
Susan B. Anthony
26.
Susan B. Anthony
Link to Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIPtJpAQkmI
Play Video
27.
Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)
incredible orator
75 to 100 speeches per year.
devoted her life - no husband, no kids, no salary.
organizer, trained other leaders, fundraiser
28.
Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)
1872 - arrested for voting in the presidential election.
she was not allowed to speak in her own defense at her trial.
"I shall never pay a dollar of your unjust penalty"
29.
Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)
first female citizen to be depicted on U.S. coinage when her portrait appeared on the 1979 dollar coin.
30.
Elizabeth Stanton
31.
Elizabeth Stanton (1815-1902)
her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the Seneca Falls Convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York
president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association
debate team in high school
32.
Elizabeth Stanton (1815-1902)
worked closely with Susan B. Anthony
33.
Elizabeth Stanton (1815-1902)
abolitionist (13th amendment) but opposed the 14th and 15th amendments to give more rights to African Americans
racist arguments against African American rights
34.
Carrie Chapman Catt
35.
Carrie Chapman Catt
Link to Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__gh4dB-_Eo
Play Video
36.
Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)
at the age of 13 became a suffragist when she realized her mother could not vote.
her father said voting "was men's business."
So she decided to change that.
37.
Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)
couldn't join the debate team in school and so debated them on that won.
started her own girl's debate team at school
38.
Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)
founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women.
"led an army of voteless women in 1919 to pressure Congress to pass the 19th amendment and convinced state legislatures to ratify it in 1920"
39.
Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)
however, often used racist, discriminatory, and xenophobic arguments to get states to pass the 19th amendment.
40.
Racism in Suffrage Movement
Link to Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlQn2_ehMU8
Play Video
41.
Ida B. Wells
42.
Ida B. Wells (1862 – 1931)
Born into slavery. Freed by Civil War & Emancipation Proclamation.
started as a teacher but fired for protesting segregated schools
became an investigative journalist to report & investigate lynchings
43.
Untitled Slide
44.
Ida B. Wells (1862 – 1931)
helped to organize the NAACP
In 1893, she organized The Women's Era Club, a first-of-its-kind civic club for African-American women in Chicago.
Suffrage movement for women and African American women
45.
Alice Paul
46.
Alice Paul (1885-1977)
started in England with the suffrage movement. Arrested, jailed, and beaten for her protests.
arrested 7 times, jailed 3 times, 3 months hard labor
47.
Alice Paul (1885-1977)
fought for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
one of the main leaders of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment
after the 19th Amendment was passed, she fought for the Equal Rights Amendment.
48.
Lucy Burns
49.
Lucy Burns (1879 – 1966)
Close friend to Alice Paul. Met in jail in England.
formed the National Woman's Party with Paul
50.
Fannie Lou Hamer
51.
Fannie Lou Hammer (1917-1977)
voting and women's rights activist
civil rights leader
co-founder and vice-chair of the Freedom Democratic Party
52.
Fannie Lou Hammer (1917-1977)
also organized Mississippi's Freedom Summer along with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
co-founder of the National Women's Political Caucus
53.
Fannie Lou Hammer (1917-1977)
extorted, threatened, harassed, shot at, and assaulted by white supremacists and police while trying to register for and exercise her right to vote
shot at 16 times in a drive-by shooting by white supremacists
constantly had to move her family
54.
Untitled Slide
Link to Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GulApYI8MOk
Play Video
55.
Untitled Slide
Link to Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7wAxPVVWpU
Play Video
Erik Fogel
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